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Graphics livecoding in Common Lisp

190 points by adityaathalye 22 hours ago | 49 comments

jasonjmcghee 22 hours ago

Live development is still so under-explored, and is just so exciting to work with.

One of my favorite talks is "Stop Writing Dead Programs" (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8Ab3ArE8W3s) and touches on a lot of what could be in terms of live development.

Lisp is very well-suited to live development due to code being data, but live development doesn't need to be lispy.

I built a live development extension for Love2D which lets you do graphics livecoding (both lua and glsl) in real-time - every keystroke updating the output, (if a valid program).

https://github.com/jasonjmcghee/livelove

Here are some (early) demos of things you can do with it:

https://gist.github.com/jasonjmcghee/9701aacce85799e0f1c7304...

So many cool things once you break down the barrier between editor and running program.

I've also asked myself the question of, what would a language look like that was natively built for live development, and built out a prototype - though it's definitely a sandbox so haven't posted it anywhere yet, other than demos on mastadon.

adityaathalye 22 hours ago

Jack Rusher's recent interview is well worth reading too (the "stop writing dead programs" guy).

> On the need to sustain your creative drive in the face of technological change

> https://thecreativeindependent.com/people/multi-disciplinary...

nb. I recently submitted it here: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43759204

dang 21 hours ago

That's a great submission! I put it in the second-chance pool (https://news.ycombinator.com/pool, explained at https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=26998308), so it will get a random placement on HN's front page.

adityaathalye 14 hours ago

Thanks, dang!

More people need to read Jack's interview, especially in the context of the contemporary tension between generative AI v/s wetware creativity.

I've been plastering that interview in every discord / slack / zulip I lurk in, and been sliding it into everyone's Whatsapp DMs :D

J_McQuade 19 hours ago

Oh wow, just had to log in and give you a high-five for livelove because this is the first I've heard of it and it sounds like the sort of thing I absolutely need to try out.

I remember giving Love2D a go a couple of years ago with Fennel and the lack of such a thing sent me grumbling back to Common Lisp. I'd never even have thought of building that functionality in Love/Lua myself - assuming it's something that the runtime just didn't support - and it absolutely would never have occurred to me to use LSP to set it up. I've not even used it yet and it's already doing things to my brain, so thanks!

jasonjmcghee 18 hours ago

Excited to spread the brain worm. Don't hesitate to join in the fun / log issues / contribute / share how you use it!

swah 21 hours ago

I guess the prevailing worldview is that "recompile everything and re-run" is good enough if it takes 2 seconds. But agreed that it just "feels" different when you're doing live in lisp... I miss Emacs!

Arcanum-XIII 21 hours ago

Well, for me it’s not enough because I need to get back to where I was, repeating the same actions so it gets to the same state. With live dev I don’t need this, or a history replay method. I only update the running code. Heck I could also update the in memory var too if so I want.

It’s good that it’s fast. Still no good enough!

jasonjmcghee 15 hours ago

Recompile and hot reload, maybe. 2 seconds if you're very lucky. Many setups are much slower. I've seen some really cool projects over the last few years- things like tcc + hot reload that have really good turn around time.

But "live" is a whole different thing. And most languages aren't built with the expectation that you'll be patching it while it's running - at least as standard operating procedure and without nuking state.

And that's a key part.

I think you should be able to build an app and develop a game without ever having to restart them.

And that would come with new challenges and the need for new tooling / constructs. E.g. When you change a type / structure, and there's existing state, what happens? (migration, deletion etc)

chaosprint 19 hours ago

There are similar trends in music and sound art, which can be experienced with Glicol (https://glicol.org/) as well as many other languages here:

https://github.com/toplap/awesome-livecoding

also this live coding book is free to read!

https://livecodingbook.toplap.org/

susam 21 hours ago

I use Common Lisp (CL) for some of my small personal projects. A few publicly available examples I can share include my website [1] and a now-defunct mathematics pastebin [2]. My CL projects are usually text-oriented, not graphics-oriented. What keeps me coming back to CL is how convenient the live coding environment is.

When I am exploring ideas that are not fully concrete yet, I can begin by writing a small set of functions with very basic functionality. Then as the ideas evolve, I can refine existing functions or add new ones, then quickly "reload" them (with say, C-M-x in Emacs), and see the effects immediately. There is no separate compile or rebuild step. I don't have to restart any service or application. The effects are truly immediate -- what previously did X, now does Y.

In the Python or JavaScript ecosystems, similar live reloading capability is often provided by frameworks (e.g., FastAPI, React, etc.), which monitor file changes during development. In CL, it's just part of the language implementation itself.

Of course, at the end of the day, everything is committed and pushed to a version control system. Sometimes I restart the application too just to be sure it reflects the actual source, especially, after hours of live reloading. The stereotype of Lisp programmers making all of their modifications in an ephemeral image and then dumping it all to disk is not something I have actually seen in practice, at least not among the people I know.

So the rest of the software development practices happen to be typical. But during exploration, debugging, or troubleshooting, the live coding experience in Common Lisp is so seamless, it feels like programming at the speed of thought.

[1] https://github.com/susam/susam.net

[2] https://github.com/susam/mathb

klibertp 18 hours ago

I tried using CL this year for a new version of my personal static site (blog) generator.

Yes, it's incredible and still an alien technology in some respects. Native AOT compilation at the level of functions with hot swapping - and without any ceremony, always available in the IDE - is one of them. As the OP writes at the end, only Smalltalk and Erlang come close.

But, when viewed objectively, in 2025 CL is quite behind in some aspects:

- Only one commercial IDE offers a true graphical debugger. Both SLIME and SLY (I'm not sure about stickers) fall behind JS or Python environments.

- Asynchronicity is based on explicit callbacks or callbacks wrapped in promises (and some macros). No async/await, no coroutines. Since writing async code is harder, people default to sequential code and a thread pool. For IO-bound apps, this unnecessarily adds synchronization problems that would be mostly avoided in single-threaded concurrency.

- Tiny ecosystem of libraries. Due to the stability (or stagnation) of the language, a lot of old code still works, but even with this, finding what you need on Quicklisp can be challenging.

- The stdlib is old, crufty, and quirky. It's also very small by today's "batteries included" standards. Initiatives like CL21 or CIEL try to alleviate this somewhat.

- Even in SBCL, the type system is limited compared to MyPy, TypeScript, or TypedRacket.

- Bolting packages (module system) on top of symbols leads to some problems in practice.

- The progress in CL development is severely hampered by the set-in-stone standard, small pool of users, and the need to reconcile 10 different implementations.

It's still a nice tool for many uses, and the interactive development is indeed comfortable and productive. Still, if nothing significant happens, I don't think CL will have a chance to gain popularity again. Up until now, a successor language was hard to justify - despite some shortcomings, CL was still a language from the future. Now that future is largely here already, so the shortcomings become more and more glaring. There's SICL, but it'll take another decade (if at all) before we can expect results from that.

I'm now looking at Jank and Gerbil with some expectations, though I think I'll stick with CL in my current project.

akater 6 hours ago

> Bolting packages (module system) on top of symbols leads to some problems in practice.

Packages are namespaces, unrelated to modules. They are not used to organize dependencies but to remove ambiguity of naming and to provide encapsulation.

> The progress in CL development is severely hampered by the set-in-stone standard, small pool of users

The language is extensible, compilers do get new features added, sometimes in a coordinated manner. Standard being stable is not that significant an obstacle to moving forward; pool of users being small is much more noticeable. Yet more noticeable is that community is less healthy than the Emacs one. This comparison is valid because development in Emacs Lisp is attractive for the same reasons, unique to it and CL; they also happen to have extremely similar syntax. Elisp is moving forward steadily, and in recent years quite rapidly. CL would progress forward similarly, or better, had it had something like Emacs that provided that synergetic effect.

anonzzzies 9 hours ago

> fall behind JS or Python environments.

I dunno what you are using but we are a small team working on large codebases; one in js/ts mix, one in python and one in cl. Everyone cannot wait for it to be CL time; everything js and especially ts feels so incredibly clunky and half baked. The debuggers are awful and actually don't even stop on breakpoints a lot of the time for no apparent reason.

For most things in cl you have libraries (async etc) and for the rest you roll your own (much) faster than you can try out the tearinducing garbage on npm to figure out what half baked buggy thing might fit your purpose (before it gets hijacked by some north Korean hacker group of ofcourse). With LLMs this has become way easier.

Using the strong typesystem cl has and then adding on coalton when you need it, I prefer over typescript, if only for the speed of dev / no noticeable recompile.

Jach 5 hours ago

It's funny but I think your exact comment could have been written 10 years ago, substituting 2025 with 2015. Some things might be ±2 years. This observation could be seen as both a positive and a negative about both the language and people writing about it.

Things have changed since 2015, though, and in 2015 looking back at 2005 things had changed too. (Quicklisp was only on the scene in 2010, which is somewhat late compared to its equivalents in other languages.) Popularity-wise, I continue to be positive about CL's global future, even if nothing is done about your bullet points. Over the years I keep noticing new software, new implementation features, the occasional new book, new papers, new jobs, and new people writing stuff, I expect that to continue. Some long-standing companies and systems are still going, avoiding the death of a total rewrite or just better competition, some of them like managing train schedules are older than me. It looks like a living and (slowly) growing ecosystem. It won't ever again enjoy a top-10 language status by making technical changes, but I don't think many people care. (There's a similar level of not caring when it comes to non-GC languages and how their overall job market share is probably not going to shift from ~10% any time soon (barring the potential of forced mass early retirement due to AI).)

I was considering a more argumentative reply to your bullet points because I think they're not quite correct... There's a lot of nitpicking that could be done, and further elaborating the nuances might lead to a conclusion that, to the extent the points are true, they don't really matter -- in other words, my reaction to the list even in its strongest form (by my views anyway) is still kind of just a big shrug, so why bother trying to argue with it? I'll keep using Common Lisp. (Even despite my own pet complaints not on your list.) And given your final statement about sticking with it, I wonder if you also kind of shrug at the importance of those things.

klibertp 1 hour ago

> I wonder if you also kind of shrug at the importance of those things.

Yes, to an extent. I suspect I could nitpick on the points ("but X still works", "this isn't how you work with CL", "it's still better than alternatives", "you can work around that") just as easily as you. I still like working with Common Lisp, after all. Even the worst offender on my list - no native coroutines (or continuations) support - was true for both Python and JavaScript for most of their history. And in their cases, there was no way to sweeten the syntax with macros (as BlackBird does for CL). So yeah, these are all shruggable, even if ever more embarrassing as time passes and the rest of the world leaves some of the issues behind.

vindarel 16 hours ago

for folks looking for libraries: https://github.com/CodyReichert/awesome-cl/

(I don't know for popularity but my personal opinion is that CL is still unmatched: this level of interactive development + good debugging tools + excellent implementation that compiles to fast machine code + fast startup for binaries + self-contained binaries + stable yet improving language, implementations and ecosystem + connect from a running program + commercial vendors if you need + … such a unique and productive set)

(re. the type system: https://github.com/coalton-lang/coalton/ for a Haskell on top of CL now)

tmtvl 5 hours ago

If you look at awesome-cl you may surmise that Common Lisp has a bit of a dearth of libraries, but a glance at OCICL's repositories shows 79 pages worth of libraries, and Ultralisp even claims to have 2,170 projects. So while it's not at the level of C, Java, or Perl; it's nothing to be sneezed at either.

skydhash 52 minutes ago

The fact is that it's so easy to write your own code in CL, that the majority of glue code in NPM, Maven and the likes don't make sense to be written.

An example can be taken from a comparison between VS Code and Emacs. In the former, you have a whole browser engine and quite a bit of code to implement an editor on top of that. In the latter, you just have some primitive and the rest of it is LISP implementing multiple applications. LISP encourages less layers because the data structures and the language are so flexible.

kailden 18 hours ago

For clojure, you can use quil:

https://github.com/quil/quil

I’ve been using quil as I work through _The_Nature_of_Code_ by Daniel Shiffman:

https://natureofcode.com

phforms 16 hours ago

Processing is what ignited my passion for programming and Quil has become my favorite way of writing it. It is amazing that you can re-evaluate the draw/update function in a running sketch and immediately see the changes, without having to reload the whole thing. And on top of it you have the beauty of the whole Clojure Stdlib with its immutable datastructures.

I just learned that there is now a tweak mode in Processing that lets you tweak certain parameters in the code (via draggable values, etc.) while the sketch is running, which is pretty awesome for experimenting with values. However, you still have to reload the whole sketch when you want to change other parts of the code, you can’t just eval a function in the editor and get immediate feedback like in Quil.

joeevans1000 17 hours ago

Are you just mentally switching over from their code examples to Quil, or?

kailden 2 hours ago

If you mean translating from the JavaScript, yes. Quil wraps Processing. Quil did not wrap the vector library (P5.Vector) but most of vector operations are pretty easy to write in base clojure or you can use clojure.matrix. The fun(ctional)-mode lines up with passing initial state through the functions, which clojure makes easy.

z3phyr 22 hours ago

This reminds me of the excellent CEPL library (https://github.com/cbaggers/cepl). You can write live shader like programs with cepl with an OpenGL backend.

fredrikholm 8 hours ago

The author also streamed hours and hours of content using it to make increasingly complicated programs:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I0kWZP9L9Kc

Wonderful CL channel in general.

nanna 4 hours ago

Baggers is also the author of SLIME: The Superior Lisp Interaction Mode for Emacs, too right?