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Zig is everything I want C to be

48 points by atomlib 23 hours ago | 18 comments

up2isomorphism 19 hours ago

What is the benefit of changing

int main(void) {

to:

pub fn main() !void {

Except making it looks like a "new" language and requires other people spends 15min to get to used to it？

tmtvl 18 hours ago

There are tradeoffs:

Use of the pub keyword means you can tell whether a function is public in the module without needing to look at a separate place for listing exports (like, say, a header file). Though that itself has tradeoffs, so it's hard to say whether one or the other is better.

Use of the fn keyword makes it easy to find function definitions by grepping for it, whereas finding functions in regular C syntax needs semantic awareness.

What I don't understand is the !void at the end of the declaration, if we're meant to be returning an int, surely !int would be the expected syntax (although I would prefer returns int instead).

jiripospisil 18 hours ago

> What I don't understand is the !void at the end of the declaration, if we're meant to be returning an int, surely !int would be the expected syntax (although I would prefer returns int instead).

`!void` means the function can return an error (e.g. return error.BadArgument) but doesn't produce any value itself. In the case of an error in the main function, the process will exit with 1, otherwise 0. The main function can also return a value directly (return type u8 / !u8).

fragmede 15 hours ago

> In the case of an error in the main function, the process will exit with 1, otherwise 0. The main function can also return a value directly (return type u8 / !u8).

We know that by convention, but how do we know that from

    pub fn main() !void {
If if write

    pub fn foo() !void {
will that function also get to return a u8?

Also, what happened to argv/argc?

jiripospisil 14 hours ago

> will that function also get to return a u8?

No, the main function (the entry point of the entire program) is special cased. Have a look at the source code. There you can see it's calling the user defined main function and handling its return value / error.

https://github.com/ziglang/zig/blob/2d888a8e639856e8cb6e4c6f...

> Also, what happened to argv/argc?

You can access argv with std.os.argv which is a slice of null terminated strings. It's better to go with std.process.argsAlloc though (requires an allocation but works on all supported platforms).

TUSF 17 hours ago

In Zig, the main function can return either a u8 or void (which always returns 0) or it can return an error union !void, where if you allow an error to bubble up to main, it'll print an error trace and return 1.

znpy 16 hours ago

> Use of the fn keyword makes it easy to find function definitions by grepping for it, whereas finding functions in regular C syntax needs semantic awareness.

does it matter though, in 2024 and beyond?

we've got clangd and lsp, grepping for functions is dumb, whether you're grepping C or grepping Zig.

jonathrg 18 hours ago

C's function declaration syntax is pretty weird and makes the language harder to parse. Most languages have a function keyword.

audunw 13 hours ago

If you have a lot of experience with C, and take just a glance at the basics of Zig, I think you’ll understand why each of those changes were made. C doesn’t have very good syntax. Nether for compiler (correctly interpreting the code requires a lot of context), nor code editor, nor for humans.

If you have experience with some modern languages, you’ll definitely understand the syntax. Zig is close to a style of syntax that many newer languages seem to have settled on, and there are good reasons why that style has become prefer.

Why make a new language if you’re not going to make some improvements over the old? Seems like a very weird complaint to me.

d_tr 18 hours ago

Probably not much, but this is not the only change the language brings.

ksp-atlas 15 hours ago

As someone who wrote C for my hobby projects, I've switched to Zig and enjoy it more as it feels I can express my intention more clearly

WorldPeas 16 hours ago

I like vlang.io better...

lowbloodsugar 17 hours ago

What's the Zag gonna be?

jf 16 hours ago

A Smalltalk VM: https://github.com/Zag-Research/Zag-Smalltalk