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If you're curious why every username is a domain, it's because users are sites

80 points by consumer451 3 days ago | 62 comments

jes5199 3 days ago

it’s weird tho, none of my feed is actually hosted at my domain. I forget what I had to do to claim my url on bluesky but I understood it as proving that I controlled the domain, not actually using it to point to content. Does any part of reading the bluesky feed actually make DNS requests??

mozzius 3 days ago

yeah, there’s a little bit of indirection in that domain handles are separate from the actual data hosting. domain handles resolve to a DID, and the DID document points to where your data host is (allowing you to change both your handle and your data host seamlessly). you can then host your own Personal Data Server if you want to

remram 3 days ago

If users are not trying to be sites, then it's not a feature.

paulgb 3 days ago

Every podcast is an RSS feed. Most podcast listeners don’t care about that aspect, but they still get the advantage of every podcast app having essentially the same set of content (compared to, say, YouTube for video or Audible for audiobooks, each of which have the lion’s share of content).

remram 2 days ago

That's right. And if users want push notifications or search and you say "that's not possible, because every podcast is an RSS feed"... You have not explained anything, you have not satisfied them with an explanation, and you are ultimately wrong about it being impossible.

It's an implementation detail not a feature, and if it started getting in the way of what users need podcasts to do, we would change it not hide behind it. Just like there's no reason for one account per domain other than "that's what we went with for now".

jauntywundrkind 3 days ago

It's not a feature yet for most users.

As possibilities expand, the "ATmostphere" can be improved. Maybe in two years everyone wants to go to a new Personal Data-Store that offers new features X or Y, or Bluesky is sucking because of Z...

This architecture of making users sovereign is what's really at stake with the 'user = site' idea; the meaning of that is powerful & clear to techies for what it ongoingly unlocks & enables, but most users arent expected to share that technical fervor. It insures the ATmosphere doesn't get trapped or corralled into some local maxima, can't be enshittified since there isn't the same switching cost as all other networks. And it enables growth & extension of the ATmosphere, by allowing innovation at the edge.

More generally, I'd argue that users don't have to be familiar with and attracted to features for them to be features. No one knows every function in their spreadsheet software and there's some they probably will never use, but the spreadsheet is known & respected because it has such a broad library of functions to enable so so much calculating, in so many different ways. Users can grow & change where they are in the adoption curve over time.

Features evolve on healthy & fetile platforms. Giving users sovereignty & mobility enables new platform to be created off-Bluesky/main: it is a meta-feature to allow new features.

consumer451 3 days ago

I am generally on the side of product/usability. Nobody cares about the underlying protocol.

However, the more I learn about what Jay, Paul, and team are doing, the more I realize that the protocol is actually important. Them being federated protocol nerds, while also having to focus on supporting millions of users is super interesting to watch unfold. This could be really cool because they really thought about the underlying factors, from go.

There are many user issues like "when I block someone, they should no longer follow me" which seem so simple from a user POV, but are actually complex from the federated protocol POV. I am learning a lot by watching what happens here.

oddevan 3 days ago

Some sites are personal sites. Some sites are for organizations or companies or events.

If that doesn't work, just substitute "account" for "user". "Every bluesky account is a site."

arghandugh 3 days ago

It’s been almost two years of Bluesky being a comprehensively better microblogging experience with stronger integrity guarantees than Twitter, and it’s still struggling to sustain 2 million DAU.

The unfortunate lesson learned is that nowadays only a very small percentage of social media users will switch to an equivalent platform for ideological, ethical, or practical reasons. Disruption of the incumbent is required.

godelski 3 days ago

  > still struggling to sustain 2 million DAU.
Is this a problem?

Seriously. Do we need every service to have a billion users? I'm glad there's places that are open to everyone, but at the same time I'm sad that a lot of smaller and niche places have disappeared. Those are the places I've found communities. It's possible on bigger sites but it's much harder. Your voice is one in a billion, it's not much better than having no voice. It's even happened more as HN has grown. And in any of these big places it's more likely that sensational posts rise to the top drowning out sensible or accurate messages (maximizing engagement doesn't maximize user happiness, communication, community, nor many other things). It's also harder to communicate because every community develops their own language and priors. A mutual understanding and that's what builds good faith conversations. I think if we've learned anything from these mega sites it's that even when people use their real names they still view themselves as "anonymous" (and conversely, in small sites people can hide their name, but it means something to the community, and they still have a reputation to defend)

I'm not convinced we are measuring the right things. It just feels like people are measuring what they think they should, and are not thinking about what the actual goals are. These are not the same thing. But that's Goodhart's Law I guess

Gud 3 days ago

No, not a problem at all.

Quite the opposite in fact. I think the world is much better if we avoid forming authoritarian corporate media platforms with some dickhead billionaire in charge.

I host my own social media platform with one active daily user plus two guys who signed up when I spam others Show HN posts. Link is in my profile.

I prefer the bazaar any day. And im the guy selling my wares from a carpet on the street, don’t even have a fancy booth

Sorry for rambling

godelski 2 days ago

  > Sorry for rambling
No, you're fine. I don't think you're alone and while I'm probably not going to sign up for your site, I do appreciate that you have created that space. I think there is a lot of value in doing things for the sake of doing them. It's an extremely "human" endeavor and I think there's lots of benefits, even if they are hidden.

And I think there is even value in just knowing that these are things people want. Even if it isn't everyone. Personally, I thought the cool thing with the internet -- in regards to markets and economics -- is that it meant you could make products (or whatever) for very small niches and still get wealthy. Because with 6 billion people on the internet, even a very narrow niche is gonna strike the interest of at least tens of thousands (if not hundreds or a few million). It's interesting that instead we chose to build things for everybody and nobody.

toofy 3 days ago

there are likely tens of thousands of sites who dream of having 2 million active users.

other than a few VC heads, in no world is millions of dailies a bad thing. i’d be shocked if hn had 2 million daily. and thank your god it’s not full of everyone screaming at once. it’s what makes it such a rad place to be.

i moved to mastodon when the infosec community migrated there and honestly, its OmgSoMuchBetter that it has less people. it’s like here on hn, the signal to noise ratio is fucking glorious.

i’ve mentioned this multiple times in the past, but in reality we (people) prefer multiple different spaces, and for very very good reasons.

it i want a quiet night with a fancy dinner, i’ll go to a quiet nicer restaurant.

if i want a loud night out with the friends, we go to a club.

if i want a goth night i go to the goth club

if i want to hear blues i go to a blues bar.

etc…

the big sites suffer from their own ridiculousness and still, years later haven’t figured out that trying to be everything at once is hilariously stupid. it just makes you bad at everything.

blue sky is incredible, at least until eternal september hits. Mastodon’s different servers hit so much better than the last years of twitter did. the minute everyone flocks to either of them, im out. we like different spaces for different moods, it’s common sense.

could you imagine how awful going out would be if you’re talkin with your friends and over and over some totally random people were constantly coming to your table and screaming shit at you? “defend yourself!” … no, because that’s not normal… bar owners would be like “bro, that guy who keeps screaming at random people has to go… fuckin weirdo.”

that’s the experience these same group of VC people keep trying to tell us is normal and what we should want. no thanks. thats weird af.

godelski 3 days ago

So much this. I wish we could embrace this more. Not everything needs to be for everyone. If you make something for everyone you've just made something for noone[0].

I fear we are just hyper focusing on being over the top, to be monopolies. It's good business, but is it good for us? I'm sure you can find some metric to say it is, but is that what the metric actually measures? We should make sure we are building the things people want, not what we think people want. To make life better for our communities, states, countries, or everyone. I have no doubt you can get rich while doing this. But if we're chasing a score harder than we're chasing a goal we'll always rationalize the former is the later. It's a great trap we've seemed to have fallen for.

[0] we even have good mathematical intuition to believe this. In high dimensional systems when things are normal distributed (really just not uniformly distributed) the mean is not representative of the whole. I think it's clear that there's lots of different people with different opinions about a lot of things (high dimensions) and that there's not a smooth even distribution of opinions (they clump)

tourmalinetaco 3 days ago

This is why the death of fansites and forums was so huge. Instead of that quiet restaurant or blues bar we were all shoved into a dingy fast food joint and crammed together like sardines with robotic staff who do everything in their power to keep us in the joint as long as possible, even if we’re all hangry and throwing things. Really the only problem I had with forums is finding new ones, and that’s probably the only thing Reddit did right was ease of creating and finding communities.

pfraze 3 days ago

I agree with this. I think we've managed to produce a good UX on a new protocol, which is important but not what the market measures us by. The market is looking for great products. That's going to take us improving at design execution as an org. I've said this before on HN; I'm sure you can find it in my history.

We started as a protocol design company. Shifting to a product & services company has been a process, and "moving quickly" as a new org in an established market-space is a comical challenge. We got pitted against Threads, which was able to reuse the scaling and moderation infra of Insta and take on 100M signups in their first week. The only way to be competitive here is to find a differentiated & novel execution which finds PMF.

The protocol work is the PBC mission, but new technologies need PMF to gain distribution. We're not trying to sell people on ideology or ethics. I do want folks to know how the technology works, however, so I will post threads like the one linked here.

akkartik 3 days ago

The lesson to learn is that to do anything in this world it takes persistence in addition to everything else. No matter how much better you are.

https://paulgraham.com/die.html

LeoPanthera 3 days ago

I guess that explains why that page won't load, I guess the user is down.

consumer451 3 days ago

OK, so this is an interesting thing. If I understand Paul (Bsky) correctly, one of the major reasons that they didn't adopt AP was that it could not scale well.

As in, if Mastodon got say 2 million new users in a few days, then each instance would have to sync the entire DB. Most instances could not handle that. In AT's case, that is handled more efficiently. That is correct, isn't isn't it?

ocdtrekkie 3 days ago

Not really, no. A Mastodon server mostly only sees posts from users being followed by someone on their server, or mentioning someone on their server. Every post definitely does not get shipped to every server.

However, there's definitely some wild inefficiencies in federation: If thousands of servers do follow a given user, and that user posts a video file, all of those thousands of servers will download and store a copy.

The fediverse is largely analogous to email in that posts are addressed to destinations. Servers have inboxes and store what's sent to them.

consumer451 3 days ago

Thank you for the reply. So aside from videos, let's say that millions of new users came to the fediverse, and 10's of thousands on each instance followed each other. Would that be handled well by most instances? Do they scale horizontally?

I am not a protocol partisan, just trying to understand what Paul meant in the interviews that I have seen.

ocdtrekkie 3 days ago

It's going to depend a lot. Some of the big servers like mastodon.social likely can scale up very quickly, but some smaller niche-r servers might get hit harder. I doubt the activity of actually registering and following would cause a lot of problems, but I'd definitely expect media usage, moderation/spam management, etc. to pressure smaller servers. You definitely have a range of servers from Kubernetes-orchestrated platforms to "it runs on a box in my basement" hosts, but also the latter servers tend to be invite-only, and grow slower even during large waves of interest.

The biggest difference is that I'm not convinced Bluesky/Atproto has ever actually shown it can improve on these issues. Bear in mind, Bluesky isn't effectively federated at this point, everyone pretty much uses their services exclusively, so none of those inefficiencies exist... yet.

And... three days ago... Bluesky had an outage because it, a single service, couldn't handle the load: https://www.independent.co.uk/tech/bluesky-x-twitter-elon-mu...

While some ActivityPub servers might face issues with a big wave, it's very unlikely it would take down all of them. When mastodon.social suffered a big outage, I just went over and browsed from a different server, most of the rest of the fediverse just continued as normal.

consumer451 3 days ago

Since you are highly knowledgeable about AP/Mastodon, may I was one more question, if you have a moment?

I believe that one of the neatest things about AT/Bluesky is that each user has their own SQLite DB. This and DIDs makes account portability pretty easy, right? [0]

Where is AP/Mastodon on account portability?

[0] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=35881905 (I assume it's progressed since then)

ocdtrekkie 2 days ago

Mastodon offers to migrate relationships between accounts automatically, so moving both people you follow and people following you. But it doesn't offer post migration between servers. Since it doesn't use anything like DIDs, it'd be pretty hard to reassociate your posts as other servers know them with a new account ID.

I know of one other software, Firefish, that would migrate your old posts, but just not federate them. So you could have the archive of them still attached to your account, they just wouldn't be seen across the network.

Doxin 3 days ago

> Where is AP/Mastodon on account portability?

ActivityProtocol doesn't really get involved with "account portability" as far as I understand it. It's a problem the client needs to solve.

In the case of Mastodon it's pretty easy to export your account, import it elsewhere, and set up a redirect. Currently that doesn't carry over posts but there's no real reason why it couldn't.

consumer451 3 days ago

Thank you, again.

> While some ActivityPub servers might face issues with a big wave, it's very unlikely it would take down all of them. When mastodon.social suffered a big outage, I just went over and browsed from a different server, most of the rest of the fediverse just continued as normal.

This seems like the biggest take-away for me. That is a big difference.

gyudin 3 days ago

Yup, facepalm